An investigation of environmental degradation and livelihood sustainability in Eket Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State
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Background of the Study:
Environmental degradation in Eket LGA has been a growing concern due to rapid urbanization and industrial expansion. The interplay between environmental degradation and livelihood sustainability has drawn attention from researchers (Adeleke, 2023; Okon, 2023). This study explores how the deterioration of natural resources impacts the local population's ability to secure sustainable livelihoods. Observations indicate that deforestation, water pollution, and soil erosion have compromised agricultural productivity and local economic activities, which are vital for community resilience (Obi, 2024). Such challenges are compounded by inadequate governmental policies and limited community engagement in environmental conservation efforts. The research will analyze historical land use practices, contemporary environmental policies, and community adaptation strategies aimed at mitigating these negative impacts. A detailed review of local ecological shifts reveals that industrial discharges and unregulated urban expansion have accelerated environmental decline. Moreover, the economic repercussions include reduced income for farmers and increased vulnerability among households. Through the integration of socio-economic indicators and environmental quality metrics, the study aims to uncover complex interdependencies that affect livelihood sustainability (Eze, 2023). The insights from this investigation are expected to inform sustainable development initiatives and promote integrated policy frameworks for long-term environmental and economic stability (Udo, 2025). This comprehensive analysis underscores the urgent need for strategic interventions to safeguard environmental resources and promote sustainable livelihoods.
Statement of the Problem:
Despite the recognized link between environmental quality and sustainable livelihoods, Eket LGA continues to experience severe environmental degradation. The unchecked urban expansion and industrial pollution have eroded natural resources and undermined local agricultural productivity, leading to reduced income and increased poverty levels (Adeleke, 2023). This degradation has resulted in a deterioration of living standards and heightened vulnerability of local communities. Current policies appear insufficient to address these challenges, leading to a gap in sustainable practices and community resilience (Obi, 2024). This study investigates the root causes and proposes actionable interventions to restore environmental and economic stability for the benefit of affected communities.
Objectives of the Study:
- To assess the extent of environmental degradation in Eket LGA.
- To evaluate the impact of environmental degradation on local livelihood sustainability.
- To propose actionable interventions for environmental restoration and economic stability.
Research Questions:
- How does environmental degradation affect agricultural productivity in Eket LGA?
- What are the primary factors contributing to environmental decline in the area?
- What interventions can effectively promote sustainable livelihoods in the face of environmental challenges?
Research Hypotheses:
- H1: There is a significant relationship between environmental degradation and reduced agricultural productivity in Eket LGA.
- H2: Unregulated urban expansion significantly contributes to environmental decline.
- H3: Implementing sustainable interventions improves livelihood sustainability.
Significance of the Study:
This study is significant as it elucidates the critical link between environmental degradation and livelihood sustainability. Its findings offer practical insights for policy-makers and community stakeholders to implement sustainable interventions, fostering improved agricultural productivity and economic resilience. The research contributes to academic literature while guiding local environmental and economic policies to ensure sustainable development in Eket LGA (Ike, 2023). The research provides empirical evidence for effective policy reform and practical agricultural solutions.
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
This study is limited to examining environmental degradation and livelihood sustainability within Eket Local Government Area. It does not cover areas beyond Eket or other related environmental phenomena.
Definitions of Terms:
- Environmental Degradation: The decline in environmental quality caused by human activities such as pollution and deforestation.
- Livelihood Sustainability: The ability of individuals and communities to maintain and enhance their living standards over time.
- Intervention: Strategic actions or policies implemented to mitigate adverse effects and promote sustainable practices.
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